In vitro activity of Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel.) C.A. Sm. seed extract against promastigote stages of five Leishmania species known to cause human leishmaniasis
Keywords:
anti-leishmanial, lead compound(s), crude extract, n-butanol, LC50, IC50 valuesAbstract
Background׃ Modern drugs for treatments of leishmaniasis are expensive, bearing limited efficacy and significant toxicity as well as emergence of resistant parasite to them. Several medicinal plants are being used traditionally to treat Leishmania infections in Ethiopia. Therefore the discovery of safer and more efficacious drug from natural product is so essential.
Objective: To investigate the antipromastigote activity of crude extract of Albizia gummifera seed against five Leishmania species responsible to cause cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
Methods: The plant materials were macerated and extracted using 70% ethanol. The extract of each plant was screened for its antipromastigote and hemolytic activities in vitro. Data analysis was done by using Graphpad Prism version 6 software. The criterion for activity was considered as an IC50<100 μg/ml.
Results: Haemolytic test of ethanol extracts A. gummifera showed LC50 value of 453.55 ±3.9 µg/ml. The crude ethanol extract of A. gummifera showed the highest potency against promastigotes of L. tropica, L. major, L. donovani, L. chagasi and L. aethiopica species with IC50 values less than10 μg/ml. Among the different fractions of A. gummifera, the n-butanol fraction showed comparable anti-leishmanial activity (IC50 ranges between 0.18 and 0.28 µg/ml) with the standard drug, Amphotericin B, having IC50 between 0.24 and 0.29 µg/ml.
Conclusions: A. gummifera seed extract considered as a good candidate for further bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of anti-leishmanial lead compound(s) that could be used for anti-leishmanial drug discovery.
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