Larvicidal activities of column chromatographic fractions of an ethanol leaf extract from Ricinus communis against Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20372/ejphn.v6i1.357Keywords:
Anopheles arabiensis, larvicidal activities, plant extract, Ricinus communis, column chromatographyAbstract
Background: Long-term use of insecticide-based interventions for malaria control has resulted in the development of behavioral, physiological, and genetic resistance of the Anopheles mosquitoes. This calls for the development of sustainable, effective, and eco-friendly vector control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of column chromatographic fractions of ethanol leaf extract of Ricinus communis against Anopheles arabiensis larvae.
Methods: Dried leaves of the test plant were ground to powder and subjected to maceration using 80% ethanol for 72 hours. The crude extract was further fractionated with column chromatography using solvent systems of gradually increasing polarity. All the fractions were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography. Eluents having similar constituents were pooled and tested for their larvicidal potential against laboratory-reared susceptible An. arabiensis at a concentration ranging from 50ppm to 250ppm following WHO protocol.
Results: Fractions F1, F2, F3, and F5 demonstrated larval mortalities ranging from 34.67% to 100% in all the test concentrations while no larval mortalities were observed for fractions F9, F10, and F11 in all the test concentrations. The highest (100%) larval mortalities were observed for F2 and F3 at 100 to 250 ppm with the LC50 of 21.012 and 28.410 ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: Fractions F2 and F3 caused 100% larval mortality at 100 to 250 ppm concentration with the lowest LC50 of 21.012 and 28.410 ppm, respectively, suggesting their inputs for the development of botanical insecticides.
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