Adverse drug reactions of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on adult patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
A Retrospective study
Keywords:
HAART, adverse drug reactions, zidovudine based regimen, stavudine-based regimenAbstract
Introduction: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy could suppress viral replication and stop progression of the disease. Data on adverse drug reactions related to antiretroviral uses are few. This study aimed at assessing antiretroviral adverse reactions and associated factors.
Objective: To assess major antiretroviral drug adverse reactions and associated factors among adult patients initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy from September 2005 to August 2010, at Debre Markos Hospital.
Methodology: Retrospective data was collected at Debre Markos Hospital. A total of 930 adult subjects’ clinical records were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Chi-square and logistic regression were utilized to quantify magnitude and identify independently associated risk factors for adverse drug reactions of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Results: Five hundred twelve (55.1%) of the participants were females. The median age was 34(IQR=28-40) years. The median CD4 T cell count was 116 (IQR, 59 -167) cells/ml. Three hundred fifty one (37.1%) patients were taking 3TC-d4t-NVP and 272(29.3%) were on 3TC-AZT-NVP. Two hundred fourteen (23.0%) patients had reported one or more adverse drug reactions. The most frequently reported adverse drug reactions were anemia, 65(25.0%), fat change, 45(17.2%), and skin rash, 42(16.1%). Patients with CD4 T cell count of 50-99 cells/ml (AOR=1.9, 95%CI [1.115-3.364]), 3TC-d4t-NVP (AOR=5.8, 95% CI [1.692-9.591]), 3TC- AZT-NVP (AOR=4.2, 95% CI [1.227-10.673]) were associated risk factors for adverse drug reactions.
Conclusion: Sever forms of adverse reactions were reported by the participants. Proper drug counseling to report on the adverse reaction should be implemented. Prospective cohort study is recommended to illustrate the impact of adverse drug reactions on the outcomes of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) HAART.
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