Broad-spectrum antimicrobials from the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi

Authors

  • Ashenif Tadele Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Negero Gemeda Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Hirut Lemma Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Biruktawit Girma Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Birhanu Tesfaye Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Asfaw Debella Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Christina Haile Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Aliyi Amano Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Getachew Addis Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Abiy Abebe Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Bekesho Geleta Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Worku Gemechu Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Kidist Yersaw Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Frehiwot Teka Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author
  • Samuel Woldkidan Ethiopian Public Health Institute Author

Keywords:

Trachyspermum ammi, antimicrobial activity, topical formulation, zone of inhibition, Guinea pig maximization

Abstract

Background:Skin diseases the common causes of morbidity in rural and urban areas of developing countries with a high proportion of visits to health facilities. The development of antimicrobial drug resistances challenges the management of skin infections. These prompted the search for new antimicrobials from plants for the management of skin infections. 

Objective: To develop effective topical anti-microbial formulations from Trachyspermumammi essential oil.

Method: The essential oil obtained by hydro distillation, subjected for GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity test. The essential oil was formulated into five different semisolid vehicles. The inhibition zones of the essential oil and the formulated products were determined by using agar dilution and well diffusion method. The skin sensitization potential of the formulations were evaluated by guinea pig maximization.

Results:The major constituents of the Trachyspermum ammi oil were γ-Terpinene  (39.8%), thymole (34.1%) and p-cymene (24.8 %), and showed broad spectrum antimicrobial with MIC 0.125 to 1.25 µg/ml.The formulations showed inhibition against the growth of microorganisms starting at a concentration of 0.5% (v/w). Bioactive compounds were released better from the hydrophilic preparations than from the hydrophobic ones. The release from macrogol blend was particularly better. The hydrophilic ointment formulation of the oil showed a mild skin sensitization potential while macrogol blend ointment was devoid of sensitization.

Conclusion:  Trachyspermumammiessential oil is potential medicinal plant source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial used for the management of skin infections. Therefore, it is suggested that the topical formulation of these oils can be used as alternative drugs for the treatment of skin disease. It is further recommended that, clinical trial study of the topical formulations must be performed before utilized as treatment of dermatological disorders.

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Author Biographies

  • Ashenif Tadele, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Negero Gemeda, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Hirut Lemma, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Biruktawit Girma, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Birhanu Tesfaye, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Asfaw Debella, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Christina Haile, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Aliyi Amano, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Getachew Addis, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Abiy Abebe, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Bekesho Geleta, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Worku Gemechu, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Kidist Yersaw, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Frehiwot Teka, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

  • Samuel Woldkidan, Ethiopian Public Health Institute

    Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.Box: 1242

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Published

2018-11-20

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Original Article

How to Cite

Tadele, A. (2018) “Broad-spectrum antimicrobials from the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi”, Ethiopian Journal of Public Health and Nutrition (EJPHN), 2(2), pp. 70–77. Available at: https://ejphn.ephi.gov.et/index.php/ejphn/article/view/133 (Accessed: 8 November 2024).

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